The destruction and reconstruction of Stari Most, the 'Old Bridge' of Mostar was one of the most symbolic aspects of the Bosnian War. Yet while it now stands as a symbol of peace and cohesion, it was not always seen as such, identified with different groups and meanings at different times in its 400-year history, as Samuel Burke recalls.
A photography exhibition comparing the cosmopolitan city of Mogadishu before and after the civil war opens in Nairobi next week.
In this extract from their forthcoming book, Rasna Warah and Mohamud Diriye recount the history of Mogadishu from its origins in Arab and Persian trade to the outbreak of civil war in 1991.
A sewage treatment plant promised by the US to residents of Fallujah is being left unfinished as the military withdraw, with "not a single house connected to the system".
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Samuel Burke recently completed the MSc in The City at the University of Edinburgh and now works as a freelance writer and researcher in Berlin.
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The Global Urbanist is an online magazine reviewing urban affairs and urban development issues in cities throughout the developed and developing world.
Its readers are drawn from the urban policy and international development sectors, and include urban planners, officers in local, national or international government agencies, civil society leaders, and researchers.
